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R&D Systems il 1β
The correlation between serum Klotho and clinical indicators. Pearson correlation test was performed between Klotho with ( A ) duration of anesthesia, ( B ) postoperative MoCA scores, ( C ) postoperative CRP, ( D ) postoperative <t>IL-1β,</t> and ( E ) postoperative IL-6 in all 93 cases of patients after abdominal surgery.

The correlation between serum Klotho and clinical indicators. Pearson correlation test was performed between Klotho with ( A ) duration of anesthesia, ( B ) postoperative MoCA scores, ( C ) postoperative CRP, ( D ) postoperative <t>IL-1β,</t> and ( E ) postoperative IL-6 in all 93 cases of patients after abdominal surgery.

Il 1β, supplied by R&D Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 429 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 96 stars, based on 429 article reviews

il 1β - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10

96/100 stars

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1) Product Images from "The Relationship Between Decreased Serum Klotho Protein and Cognitive Impairment in Patients After Abdominal Surgery"

Article Title: The Relationship Between Decreased Serum Klotho Protein and Cognitive Impairment in Patients After Abdominal Surgery

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S593405

Figure Legend Snippet: The correlation between serum Klotho and clinical indicators. Pearson correlation test was performed between Klotho with ( A ) duration of anesthesia, ( B ) postoperative MoCA scores, ( C ) postoperative CRP, ( D ) postoperative IL-1β, and ( E ) postoperative IL-6 in all 93 cases of patients after abdominal surgery.

Techniques Used:

Proposed mechanism linking decreased postoperative serum Klotho levels to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after abdominal surgery. Surgery and prolonged anesthesia lead to a reduction in serum Klotho levels, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6. These processes promote neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, resulting in cognitive decline and POCD. Arrows indicate the direction of the effects, illustrating how decreased Klotho mediates the relationship between perioperative stress, inflammation, and postoperative cognitive impairment.

Figure Legend Snippet: Proposed mechanism linking decreased postoperative serum Klotho levels to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after abdominal surgery. Surgery and prolonged anesthesia lead to a reduction in serum Klotho levels, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6. These processes promote neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, resulting in cognitive decline and POCD. Arrows indicate the direction of the effects, illustrating how decreased Klotho mediates the relationship between perioperative stress, inflammation, and postoperative cognitive impairment.

Techniques Used:

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

Article Title: Clemastine fumarate accelerates accumulation of disability in progressive multiple sclerosis by enhancing pyroptosis
Article Snippet: .. Quantification of secreted IL-1β was performed using the Human IL-1 Beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, DLB50) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

Article Title: Impact of protein prenylation inhibition on Mycobacterium leprae viability and IL-1β production in infected macrophages
Article Snippet: .. IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified by ELISA using a human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) or a human total IL-18/IL-1F4 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. THP-1 macrophages in 96-well plates were primed or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma-Aldrich, 100 ng/mL) for 4 hours, followed by 20 μM nigericin for 60 minutes (positive control), 10 μM pamidronate (24 hours), and stimulated or not with irradiated M. leprae at a bacterium:cell ratio (MOI) of 10:1, and maintained at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 24 hours.

Article Title: The impact of T7 RNA polymerase class II pause sites on mRNA therapeutics
Article Snippet: BJ fibroblasts were purchased from ATCC. .. Poly(I:C) high molecular weight (tlrl-pic) and TLR4 Agonist - Ultrapure LPS from E. coli 0111: B4 LPS_EB standard (tlrl-eblps) were purchased from InvivoGen (Vista Sorrento Pkwy, San Diego, CA, USA); Human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat DLB50), human TNF-alpha Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat DTA00D) and human IL-6 Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat. D6050B) were purchased from R&D (R&D Systems Inc, Minneapolis, MN, USA). ..

Article Title: MAP3K19 promotes the progression of hypopharyngeal cancer by suppressing dendritic cell maturation through mediating NF-κB activation and PD-L1 expression.
Article Snippet: Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) infiltration in head and neck tumor tissues correlates with survival, recurrence and metastasis of hypopharyngeal cancer patients.. The high expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in DCs activate the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, leading to the decrease of immune function of effector T cells (CD8 T cells).. This study aims to investigate the role and mechanism of the novel molecule Mitogen-activated protein three kinase 19 (MAP3K19) in regulating DCs function and PD-L1 regulation during hypopharyngeal cancer

Article Title: Monocyte migration assay using a vascular-on-a-chip model and its utilization for the evaluation of a heated tobacco product
Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to detect the concentration of cytokines in conditioned medium. .. The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in conditioned medium were measured using a Human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) and Human TNF-alpha Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems), respectively, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. .. The optical density at 450 nm in each well was detected by a Cytation5 reader (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, United States).

Article Title: Loss of Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1 Induces Panoptosis and Immune Response in Ulcerative Colitis Gut Mucosa
Article Snippet: Protein loading was normalized using mouse anti‐β‐actin (Cat #A1978, Sigma–Aldrich, final concentration 1:5000). .. Cell‐cleared supernatants or mouse tissue lysates were analyzed for cytokine production using the following kits according to the manufacturer's instructions: human TNF‐α Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat #DTA00C), human IL‐1 beta/IL‐1F2 Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat #DLB50), mouse TNF‐α Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat #MTA00B), mouse IL‐1 beta/IL‐1F2 Quantikine ELISA Kit ((Cat #MLB00C), mouse IL‐17 Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat #M1700), mouse IL‐6 Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat #M6000B), mouse IFN‐gamma Quantikine ELISA Kit (Cat # MIF00) (all from R&D systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), VeriKine human IFN‐α ELISA Kit (Cat #41100), VeriKine human IFN‐β ELISA Kit (Cat # 41410), VeriKine mouse IFN‐α ELISA Kit (Cat #42120), and VeriKine mouse IFN‐β ELISA Kit (Cat #42400) (all from PBL assay science, Piscataway, NJ, USA). .. RNA was extracted using PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Cat #12183025, ThermoFisher Scientific) and then retrotranscribed using M‐MLV Reverse Transcriptase (Cat # 28025013, Thermo Fisher Scientific).

Article Title: Clemastine fumarate accelerates accumulation of disability in progressive multiple sclerosis by enhancing pyroptosis
Article Snippet: Inflammasome activation was evaluated by levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and the activity of caspase-1 released to the cell culture medium, while pyroptotic cell death was assessed by SYTOX Green (Invitrogen) uptake, LDH release, or cell viability. .. Quantification of secreted IL-1β was performed using the Human IL-1 Beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems, DLB50) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. ..

Article Title: Impact of protein prenylation inhibition on Mycobacterium leprae viability and IL-1β production in infected macrophages.
Article Snippet: THP-1 macrophages were stimulated or not with irradiated M. leprae and treated or not with atorvastatin (2 μM), pamidronate (2.5 μM, 5 μM, and 10 μM), GGPP (2 μM, 5 μm, and 10 μM), GGTi-298 (1 μM, 3 μM, and 10 μM), and mevalonate (150 μM and 300 μM) (all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich), and maintained at 37°C with 5% CO2 for 24 hours. .. IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified by ELISA using a human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) or a human total IL-18/IL-1F4 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. IL-1β and IL-18 were quantified by ELISA using a human IL-1 beta/IL-1F2 Quantikine ELISA kit (R&D Systems) or a human total IL-18/IL-1F4 Quantikine ELISA Kit (R&D Systems) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: The Relationship Between Decreased Serum Klotho Protein and Cognitive Impairment in Patients After Abdominal Surgery

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S593405

Figure Lengend Snippet: The correlation between serum Klotho and clinical indicators. Pearson correlation test was performed between Klotho with ( A ) duration of anesthesia, ( B ) postoperative MoCA scores, ( C ) postoperative CRP, ( D ) postoperative IL-1β, and ( E ) postoperative IL-6 in all 93 cases of patients after abdominal surgery.

Article Snippet: CRP (catalog no. SEKH-0138) and Klotho (catalog no. SEKH-0280) ELISA kits were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China), while IL-1β (catalog no. DLB50) and IL-6 (catalog no. D6050B) ELISA kits were obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis).

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: The Relationship Between Decreased Serum Klotho Protein and Cognitive Impairment in Patients After Abdominal Surgery

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S593405

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed mechanism linking decreased postoperative serum Klotho levels to postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after abdominal surgery. Surgery and prolonged anesthesia lead to a reduction in serum Klotho levels, which contributes to increased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, as indicated by elevated levels of CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6. These processes promote neuroinflammation and synaptic dysfunction, resulting in cognitive decline and POCD. Arrows indicate the direction of the effects, illustrating how decreased Klotho mediates the relationship between perioperative stress, inflammation, and postoperative cognitive impairment.

Techniques:

Secretory VSMCs promote macrophage M1 polarization and inflammatory activation through the THBS1/CD47/NF-κB axis. (A) ELISA quantification of THBS1 secretion from HA-VSMCs before and after TGF-β1/PDGF-BB stimulation and following shTHBS1 transduction. (B–D) qRT-PCR analysis of macrophage IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA in the Transwell co-culture system. (E, F) ELISA quantification of IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in co-culture supernatants. (G, H) Flow cytometric analysis of CD86 + macrophages and NF-κB transcriptional activity (Dual-luciferase reporter assay). All in vitro experiments were independently performed in three biological replicates (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical comparisons among multiple groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Secretory VSMC-derived THBS1 promotes macrophage M1 polarization and inflammation in intracranial aneurysms via the CD47/NF-κB axis

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1790488

Figure Lengend Snippet: Secretory VSMCs promote macrophage M1 polarization and inflammatory activation through the THBS1/CD47/NF-κB axis. (A) ELISA quantification of THBS1 secretion from HA-VSMCs before and after TGF-β1/PDGF-BB stimulation and following shTHBS1 transduction. (B–D) qRT-PCR analysis of macrophage IL-1β, TNF-α, and iNOS mRNA in the Transwell co-culture system. (E, F) ELISA quantification of IL-1β and TNF-α secretion in co-culture supernatants. (G, H) Flow cytometric analysis of CD86 + macrophages and NF-κB transcriptional activity (Dual-luciferase reporter assay). All in vitro experiments were independently performed in three biological replicates (n = 3). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Statistical comparisons among multiple groups were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc multiple-comparison test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: At the protein secretion level, commercially available Quantikine ® ELISA kits (R&D Systems, DY201 for IL-1β; DY210 for TNF-α) were used to quantify IL-1β and TNF-α concentrations in the lower-chamber supernatants following the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transduction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Co-Culture Assay, Activity Assay, Luciferase, Reporter Assay, In Vitro, Standard Deviation, Comparison

p65, METTL3, and HMGB1 increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HMC3 cells. HMC3 cells were stimulated with LPS. A ) CCK-8 kit was assessed using cell viability. B ) The proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells in HMC3 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA kits. D ) Western blot was performed to detect the levels of iNOS, p-p65, METTL3, and HMGB1. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Journal: Central-European Journal of Immunology

Article Title: p65 enhanced METTL3-mediated m 6 A methylation of HMGB1 to promote microglia M1 polarization in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

doi: 10.5114/ceji.2025.154882

Figure Lengend Snippet: p65, METTL3, and HMGB1 increased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced HMC3 cells. HMC3 cells were stimulated with LPS. A ) CCK-8 kit was assessed using cell viability. B ) The proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells in HMC3 cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were measured by ELISA kits. D ) Western blot was performed to detect the levels of iNOS, p-p65, METTL3, and HMGB1. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α, #DTA00D), interleukin 1β (IL-1β, #DLB50), and IL-6 (#D6050), were assessed using ELISA kits from R&D Systems located in Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

p65 activated METTL3 promoted LPS-induced microglia M1 polarization HMC3 cells were transfected with sh-METTL3 and/or oe-p65 and stimulated with LPS. A ) qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of p65 and METTL3. B ) A CCK-8 kit was used to assess cell viability. C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 D ) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA kits. E ) Western blot was performed to detect iNOS, p-p65, and METTL3 expression. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Journal: Central-European Journal of Immunology

Article Title: p65 enhanced METTL3-mediated m 6 A methylation of HMGB1 to promote microglia M1 polarization in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

doi: 10.5114/ceji.2025.154882

Figure Lengend Snippet: p65 activated METTL3 promoted LPS-induced microglia M1 polarization HMC3 cells were transfected with sh-METTL3 and/or oe-p65 and stimulated with LPS. A ) qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of p65 and METTL3. B ) A CCK-8 kit was used to assess cell viability. C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 D ) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA kits. E ) Western blot was performed to detect iNOS, p-p65, and METTL3 expression. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Techniques: Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

METTL3 up-regulated HMGB1 and enhanced LPS-induced microglia M1 polarization. HMC3 cells were transfected with sh-HMGB1 and/or oe-METTL3 and stimulated with LPS. A ) qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of METTL3 and HMGB1. B ) A CCK-8 kit was used to assess cell viability. C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 D ) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA kits. E ) Western blot was performed to detect iNOS, HMGB1, and METTL3 expression. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Journal: Central-European Journal of Immunology

Article Title: p65 enhanced METTL3-mediated m 6 A methylation of HMGB1 to promote microglia M1 polarization in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

doi: 10.5114/ceji.2025.154882

Figure Lengend Snippet: METTL3 up-regulated HMGB1 and enhanced LPS-induced microglia M1 polarization. HMC3 cells were transfected with sh-HMGB1 and/or oe-METTL3 and stimulated with LPS. A ) qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of METTL3 and HMGB1. B ) A CCK-8 kit was used to assess cell viability. C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 C ) Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the proportion of CD86+CD11b+ cells among HMC3 cells. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 D ) TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured by ELISA kits. E ) Western blot was performed to detect iNOS, HMGB1, and METTL3 expression. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as means ± SD. Significance levels were considered as follows: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001

Techniques: Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot

Ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells promote M1 macrophage polarization through NF-κB signaling. THP-1-derived macrophages were co-cultured with HAEC cells in a Transwell system under three conditions for 24 h: (1) HAEC + THP-1, (2) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1, and (3) Ox-LDL&PDTC-treated HAEC + THP-1. ( A ) ELISA analysis of IL-32α, IL-32β, and IL-32γ levels in culture supernatants. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of macrophage polarization markers CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2). ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD163, Arg-1). ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages toward endothelial cells. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40151-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells promote M1 macrophage polarization through NF-κB signaling. THP-1-derived macrophages were co-cultured with HAEC cells in a Transwell system under three conditions for 24 h: (1) HAEC + THP-1, (2) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1, and (3) Ox-LDL&PDTC-treated HAEC + THP-1. ( A ) ELISA analysis of IL-32α, IL-32β, and IL-32γ levels in culture supernatants. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of macrophage polarization markers CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2). ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD163, Arg-1). ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages toward endothelial cells. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (DLB50 and DTA00D).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Quantitative RT-PCR, Migration

IL-32γ neutralization attenuates endothelial cell-induced M1 macrophage polarization. THP-1-derived macrophages were co-cultured with HAEC cells in a Transwell system under three conditions for 24 h: (1) HAEC + THP-1, (2) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1, and (3) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1 + anti-IL-32γ neutralizing antibody. ( A ) ELISA analysis of IL-32 isoform levels in culture supernatants. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2) expression. ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 and M2 polarization markers. ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40151-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-32γ neutralization attenuates endothelial cell-induced M1 macrophage polarization. THP-1-derived macrophages were co-cultured with HAEC cells in a Transwell system under three conditions for 24 h: (1) HAEC + THP-1, (2) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1, and (3) Ox-LDL-treated HAEC + THP-1 + anti-IL-32γ neutralizing antibody. ( A ) ELISA analysis of IL-32 isoform levels in culture supernatants. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2) expression. ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 and M2 polarization markers. ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (DLB50 and DTA00D).

Techniques: Neutralization, Derivative Assay, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Migration

Direct effects of IL-32γ on macrophage polarization through p38 MAPK signaling. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with recombinant IL-32γ (10 ng/mL) alone or in combination with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 for 24 h. ( A ) Western blot analysis of p38 and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) levels. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2) expression. ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD163, Arg-1). ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40151-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Direct effects of IL-32γ on macrophage polarization through p38 MAPK signaling. THP-1-derived macrophages were treated with recombinant IL-32γ (10 ng/mL) alone or in combination with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 for 24 h. ( A ) Western blot analysis of p38 and phosphorylated p38 (p-p38) levels. ( B ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD86 (M1) and CD206 (M2) expression. ( C ) qRT-PCR analysis of M1 markers (iNOS, IL-1β, TNF-α) and M2 markers (CD163, Arg-1). ( D ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in culture supernatants. ( E ) Transwell migration assays of THP-1-derived macrophages. N = 3 experiments. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (DLB50 and DTA00D).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Recombinant, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Migration

IL-32γ administration accelerates atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice through p38 MAPK signaling. ApoE−/− mice (6–8 weeks old, n = 6 per group) were fed a Western diet containing 0.2–1.25% cholesterol for 12 weeks and divided into three groups: ApoE−/− control, ApoE−/− + IL-32γ injection, and ApoE−/− + IL-32γ injection + SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). ( A ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum. ( B ) Western blot analysis of p38 and p-p38 levels in macrophages/monocytes isolated from mouse blood using anti-F4/80 MicroBeads. ( C ) Oil Red O staining of whole aortas with quantification of atherosclerotic plaque area. ( D ) H&E staining of aortic sections with quantification of plaque lesion area. ( E ) Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 with quantification of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40151-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: IL-32γ administration accelerates atherosclerosis progression in ApoE-/- mice through p38 MAPK signaling. ApoE−/− mice (6–8 weeks old, n = 6 per group) were fed a Western diet containing 0.2–1.25% cholesterol for 12 weeks and divided into three groups: ApoE−/− control, ApoE−/− + IL-32γ injection, and ApoE−/− + IL-32γ injection + SB202190 (p38 inhibitor). ( A ) ELISA measurements of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum. ( B ) Western blot analysis of p38 and p-p38 levels in macrophages/monocytes isolated from mouse blood using anti-F4/80 MicroBeads. ( C ) Oil Red O staining of whole aortas with quantification of atherosclerotic plaque area. ( D ) H&E staining of aortic sections with quantification of plaque lesion area. ( E ) Immunohistochemical staining for CD68 with quantification of macrophage infiltration in atherosclerotic plaques. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA kits from R&D Systems (DLB50 and DTA00D).

Techniques: Western Blot, Control, Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Isolation, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining

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il 1β (R&D Systems)

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